Beet Cells Lab Report Sample

Beet Cells Lab Report Paper A spectrophotometer will be used to measure this variable by measuring the absorbency value of the beautician in solution after each treatment. The results of this study will show the necessary temperature to keep the vacuole intact. It would influence common agriculture practices by indicating a more ideal environment setting and techniques. At the same time, it would allow scientists to have a better understanding of cell structure and functions. We hypothesize that beet cells in a high temperature environment will release more beautician in comparison to beet cells in a room temperature environment. The increased temperature will increase the damage of membranes, thus no longer able to enclose beautician within the vacuole. In contrast, as temperature decreases, the amount of beautician will also decrease due to the less damage of the membrane. Materials and methods Seven discs of mm beet root were cut with a razor blade and rinsed with tap water in a plastic beaker for 10 minutes. Each beet disc was then submersed in a eager of water with temperature of either -ICC, ICC, ICC, ICC, ICC and room temperature for precisely 2 minutes. The exact time of extraction was recorded when the discs were placed into large test tube with white caps (labeled with temperatures) immediately after the water bath. The test tubes were then rested on the bench for a total of 10 minutes and were vortexes at 5 minutes and 10 minutes. After 10 minutes, 5 ml of solution from the large test tubes was pipettes into small test tubes and each small test tube was then inserted into the phosphorescent for measurements of absorbency. A detailed protocol can be found in the Biology 107 Laboratory Manual (2010-2011). We will write a custom essay sample on Beet Cells Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Beet Cells Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Beet Cells Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Results In our experiment, we observed that the samples in temperature -ICC and ICC contained the highest concentration of beautician (Figure 2). To obtain these results, we used the standard curve for beautician (Figure 1) to figure out the concentration, since the value of beautician absorbency could be measured using the spectrophotometer. From the graph (Figure 2), between the temperature of ICC, ICC, ICC, it was observed that the ranges of concentration as narrow, which shows the increase concentration was quite steady. Generally, an increase of temperature would cause an increase in absorbency of beautician, thus an increase of concentration. However, it was also observed that at -ICC and ICC, there was a sudden jump of data (Table 2-2). Originally, the absorbency measured for samples in -ICC and ICC were 1. 700 and 0. 845; the concentrations were 425 pm and 180 pm respectively. However, because both of these absorbency readings were greater than the highest absorbency value in our standard curve (Figure 1), a calculation of diluted concentration for these two samples was necessary. Therefore, using the formula Cue = Cd/D where Cue = concentration of undiluted (original) sample, Cd = concentration of diluted sample and D = dilution (which is 1/5 in this experiment), we calculated that the diluted concentration for the sample in ICC is 85 pm and for the sample in ICC is 36 pm. As we inserted these data on the graph (Figure 2), concentration of beautician for samples in -ICC and ICC still dominate in comparison to others. This sudden increase of concentration allowed us to understand that the topmasts membrane is easier to be damage in extreme temperature. Discussion Our original hypothesis about the effect of high temperature on beet cell membrane was correct; as temperature increases, the concentration of beautician increases as well. The beet root sample in temperature ICC had a higher absorbency value and concentration of beautician in comparison to other samples due to the membrane damage. The experiment of lipid membranes performed by the University of Osaka concluded a similar result. They found that the membranes were stable at physiological temperatures, but there were release of DOC from lollipops after heating, which indicates that the membranes have been damaged (Keno et al. 2010). However, our data showed that the sample in -ICC had an even higher absorbency value and concentration of beautician than the sample in ICC. Therefore, we concluded that temperature -ICC caused even more damage on membrane than high temperature ICC. Either way, both of these data suggested in order for membrane to keep colloidal stability and exp erience minimal damage, imperative of environment must not be extreme (Keno et al. , 2010). Otherwise the structure of the biological molecule will be disrupted, leading to malfunction of osmotic balance and improper functioning of the cell (Campbell et al, 2008). We began our experiment with individual dilution and procedure for each temperature treatment, which took a long period of time. Therefore we had to start performing 2 different temperature treatments at the same time. This may have caused some inaccuracy in extraction times and the time intervals in which solutions needed to be vortex. We also spilled some of the solution while attempting to transfer the solutions to the small test tubes. This may have caused some variations in the range of some of the measurements. In order to improve and be able to acquire more accurate results next time, we will ensure there is a sufficient amount of time for each temperature treatment. We will also ensure accurate extraction times and time intervals for overexerting solutions, as well as avoiding any solution spillage. This experimental design was valid. However, in order to improve and be able to acquire more detailed results here number of manipulating variable should increase.

adam and eve not adam and stev essays

adam and eve not adam and stev essays Men and women have married one another for centuries, nobody thought any different of it. Until one day two men or two women wanted to wed; that is when the controversy begins. Gay and Lesbian relationships are becoming more widely accepted over the past few years, but still many people cringe at the idea of two people of the same gender being together. Now that it is possible for gay marriages to have and raise a family of their own through adoption it is becoming easier to make your own decisions and wedding whomever you feel worthy. In my opinion same sex marriages are wrong in the fact that it is not a normal thing to do which may lead to making a child confused by having two mothers or two fathers. It is not the traditional American family. According to Larry King A child learns most of the things they will use in life from their parents. Having same sex parents will only lead up to a child raised to be a male who finds other males attractive or a female which finds other females attractive. Also there is no substitute for a father or a mother. We need both parents to get through life. Children need both a masculine and a feminine role in their lives to guide them. Looking at this issue through spiritual eyes it seems as if God would have put two males or two females instead of one and one if that is what he wanted. He put a male and a female to seed the earth. The only way man can reproduce is through intercourse between one male and one female , not two male or two female. It does not seem right for a couple to get married if they cannot reproduce. Marrying someone of your own sex shows what type of moral values you were raised with and can make you seem worthless in Gods eyes , and that is scary. President George W. Bush stated , I think it is very important for our society to respect each individual, to welcome those with good hearts, to be a we ...

Human Resources- Relationships in the workplace Research Paper

Human Resources- Relationships in the workplace - Research Paper Example Companies have been attempting to establish clear, well-understood policies to minimize the potential for danger – both for the employees and the organization. However the role of the HR in an organization remains controversial as far as dealing with workplace dating and relationships is concerned. Gautier has explored the reasons for workplace romance and found that theories of attraction play a vital role. Social psychology also points out a strong link between proximity, familiarity and attraction. Because of close and frequent interpersonal interaction they are prone to develop relationships. People with similar beliefs, attitudes, education and background are also more likely to be attracted to each other. They have similar traits and goals; share each other’s excitement and frustrations, and celebrations (Loftus, 1995). At the same time, organizational attitude, culture and beliefs play a role in how the companies conceptualize, tolerate and manage workplace romance. The role of HR in workplace relationships is debatable. When Wal-Mart terminated the services of two of its workers who were dating, it was found that the supervisor used an out-of-date policy manual to justify their termination (Losey, 1993). A survey revealed that more than 70 percent organizations permit and accept workplace dating as most were of the opinion that the organization has no right to interfere in the dating between coworkers (Losey, 1993). However, when dating involves an employee dating a boss, or the upper management or the manager dating a subordinate, it has been found to be unacceptable (Gautier, 2007). Only if a supervisor dates a subordinate, can the organizations interfere and this has become important because of some well-known sexual harassment court battles (Jenner, 1993). There have been instances when an employee had voluntary--but not

Confederation and Constitution in the USA Essay

Confederation and Constitution in the USA - Essay Example Among the strengths of the articles was its ability to quell the fear of a strong central government. As he British left the United States, most Americans feared that the creation of a large nation would simply replace the outgoing King George III with yet another heartless tyrant. As such, Americans wanted a ways of insuring themselves from such occurrences. The articles therefore created a weak conference while safeguarding the sovereignty and independence of the states. This way, the states would protect themselves from any dictatorial politicians who would lead the country. The constitution later created a powerful congress and eliminated the sovereignty and independence of the states. While such a move enhanced the rapid development of the country throughout the years, the articles of confederation served a vital role of reassuring Americans of their freedoms until they understood the importance of a united country with a powerful congress. Another equally significant strength of the articles was the fact that they strived to enhance corporation among the states. The articles of confederation called for the creation of â€Å"a firm league of friendship† of the states. Such was integral in their common defense, their mutual and general welfare and the security of their freedoms. The articles demanded that states permit free movements of people and goods throughout the states. Additionally, the articles encouraged the states to trust the judicial system of the states a feature that enhanced the creation of a uniform judicial system in the country.

Auteurism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Auteurism - Essay Example However, nobody else believed the rain would fall as Noah had prophesied and hence all the people drowned except Noah’s family. In the Aronofsky’s film ‘Noah’, action starts by showing Noah being haunted by frightening visions that indicate that all humanity was faced with divine destruction as a punishment for their sin (Stasukevich, 2014). Another character was ‘Methuselah’ who was more of an advisor to Noah and was acted by Antony Hopkins. Accompanying Noah and Methuselah in the movie was his wife ‘Naameh’ acted by the Jennifer Connelly, and Noah’s children. Noah is portrayed building the Ark with only his family while the rest of the people watch in delusion. Methuselah is depicted to be living in a cave in a mountainous area. The people were led by Tubal Cain in rebellion and since they finally ignored God’s warning, they faced judgment. Tubal Cain was acted by Ray Winstone (Stasukevich, 2014). The film does not clearly display who the hero is between Tubal Cain and Noah. It is because Tubal Cain emerges sharply in action with strong influence over the people, only to perish with them in water. At some point, the rebelling people referred to as watchers, capture Noah and his family and put them in a pit. Therefore, Tubal Cain’s role in the film appears to be an anti-climax while the less action-oriented actor Noah emerges as the hero. Unlike in the real bible story, Noah is seen in a battle with Tubal Cain. The animals enter the Ark in a systematic manner, almost showing divine direction and Noah’s ability to control their behavior. According to the cinematographer Mathew Libatique, Aronofsky prefers image’s motion that is controlled, moves naturally, and almost flows uniformly with the film background (Stasukevich, 2014). Libatique explains this emphasizing the reason why he had to use handheld camera to shoot Aronofsky’s film.

Media Regulation and Ownership

Media Regulation and Ownership Media Ownership The concern surrounding the concentration of mass media ownership is hardly a new topic. In 1970, the Davey Committee on the Mass Media was the first to sound the alarm bell. Daily newspapers in particular were falling into fewer and fewer concentrations of corporate hands. For example, in 1990, 17.3% of daily newspapers were independently owned. In 2005 a sad 1% was independently owned. These findings, among other things, caused the Senate Standing Committee on Transport and Communications to launch a study on Canadian news media in March 2003. Prior to that, another government inquiry, the Kent Royal Commission on Newspapers, brought these fears to light. By then, three big chains controlled fifty seven percent of the daily circulation; this is up from forty five percent in the short time since Davey issued his report. In studying the condition of the newspaper industry, both the Davey Committee and the Kent Commission noted the growing concentration of newspaper ownership were res ponsible for wide spread social costs. The Canadian newspaper markets and the accompanying rise of chain ownership would surely lead to a reduction of the news and views presented in the press. This would ultimately threaten the publics right to freedom of expression by restricting the number and diversity of voices heard in the daily press. Today, the concentration of newspaper ownership is far worse than either the Davey or Kent studies could have imagined. The three biggest chains now control more than seventy four percent of daily circulation. One company alone, the Can West Global, owns or controls more than forty percent of English language circulation. What is very troubling is the fact that there exists a complete monopoly of the daily press in Saskatchewan, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland. In respect to previously mentioned facts, it is clear that the introduction of a legislation to curb the concentration of media ownership in Canada is long due. Confronted with this possibility in the past, media owners have bickered that such measures would encroach on their individual rights and transgress freedom of the press. While being conscious of this argument, the truth is that the case for imposing limits on media ownership is based solely on democratic, social and journalistic concerns. The media’s social responsibility makes them unlike any other commercial activity. Freedom of the press is not just the proprietary right of owners to do as they see fit, it is a right of the Canadian people. For the right to be valued we need to encourage diversity and openness in the media. This means creating policies to encourage wider involvement in media industries by numerous individuals, and switch the concentration of media power in fewer and fewer hands. Many countries have used and practiced this simple principle and have developed procedures to control the threat of media ownership concentration. An example of a region that is currently taking action is the European Commission. The European Commission is proposing legislation to confine the reach of big media corporations and manage the spread of cross-media ownership, as such can have a huge effect on information which in some situations can be priceless. Another great example is what is occurring in Britain. Television broadcasters in Britain are confined to fifteen percent of the national audience. In the case of newspaper mergers, the British Monopolies and Mergers Commission is obligated to evaluate the impact on the accu rate presentation of news and free expression of opinion when deciding whether to approve a merger. Sweden is another county that is taking action. Sweden has a long standing press grant whereby a number of newspapers, not always funded by private corporate advertisers, are provided public financing. The Italian Broadcasting Act of 1990 sets tangible limits on media concentration. Under the law, no one person or company may own or manage more than twenty percent of all the media In Germany, whenever a merger allows a company to control a precise press market or reinforce its already scheming position, the federal cartel office is forced to intrude to stop the merger. The policies have been used several times and with some outstanding success. Not too long ago, the cartel office banned Springer from acquiring monopoly control of the Munich newspaper market. The French government checks any group or individual from owning more than thirty percent of the daily press. However, if a company or individual has extensive interests in the broadcast media, it may only control up to ten percent of the daily press. The Campaign for Press and Broadcasting Freedom is urging the government to take action in an attempt to help encourage and defend a free and democratic press. I believe that legislation aimed at tackling the problem of media ownership concentration should have a least three broad goals. First, constrain and ultimately reverse the current level of media ownership concentration. Second, supply procedures that will encourage a diversity of media ownership. Lastly, make sure that the media effectively live up to their social responsibility and offer a wider variety of exposure and content Most developed countries have legislation that restrictions the amount of media holdings any company or individual can own. Others are functioning positively to limit cross-media ownership. Compared to developed countries, Canada has very weak requirements. There is not much to prevent or stop one company from dominating and controlling the newspaper, television or radio markets in the country. In a free and democratic society, that is clearly intolerable Precise restrictions on ownership limits are necessary. However, the Competition Bureau, the federal body which controls mergers and acquisitions, also needs to take a more vigorous role in defending the public from the adverse affect of mergers in the media area. In order to tackle the pressing problems, it would be a good idea for the following suggestions to be given power in legislation. The first proposal would be the total number of daily newspapers, radio stations, or television stations owned by one company or individual in any market should not exceed thirty five percent. Secondly, no one company or individual should directly or indirectly manage or control more than twenty five percent of the distribution of daily newspapers in Canada. Thirdly, to limit cross-media ownership concentration, it should be proposed that no one person or company may own or control more than twenty percent of all the media. Lastly, the current Competition Act should be altered so that it includes the following part: The Director of Research and Investigation should state whether or not a merger concerning media interests may be likely to function against the public interest, taking into account all matters which appear in the particular circumstances to be relevant and having regard to the need for precise presentation of news and free expression of diverse opinion. Limiting the amount of worth one company can manage is a significant step towards protecting freedom of expression. However, it will only be efficient if it came with measures to encourage new owners to enter the market and to support other forms of ownership. There is now substantial evidence presented to propose that a high degree of concentration of ownership makes it nearly impossible for new parties to enter the market. To tackle these problems, the following measures should be taken into consideration. First, the legislation should be enacted to provide special tax inducements and interest-free loans for the establishment of new newspapers by small local investors, community groups, and non-profit organizations. Second, tax incentives and interest free loans should be provided to encourage employee purchases of media properties. And thirdly, the future role of the CBC/SRC and provincial public service broadcasters is crucial to ensuring a diverse broadcasting network. Public broadcasters should be guaranteed adequate and stable multi-year financing coupled with a renewed mandate clarifying their public service goals. Media concentration can and will give birth to a number of dangers namely. These dangers include single minded perspectives on major events and debates, information handling, and the eradication of alternative views and opinions. The impact on free speech independence will be devastating. The fear of being sacked and punishments from top level managers might pressure the journalists to self-censor. However, the increase of media concentration is matched by an equally alarming shift toward collection. This occurs as non-media corporations directly or indirectly gain holdings in the media sector, a development that raises the spectre of potential editorial interference. Clearly, the increasing reach and power of these corporations gives new urgency to concerns about who controls them and whose interests they serve. Given these concerns, introducing the following legislative measures might help to encourage responsibility on the part of the current media controllers and to help diversify coverage and content. First, to further develop editorial independence from managerial interference, legislation should establish a code of professional practice to protect journalists and other media workers from possible obstructions Second, in connection with a reform of the current libel law, legislation should be enacted establishing a right of reply to inaccurate or misleading reporting. Third, the self-regulatory press councils and the Canadian Broadcast Standards Council have often proven to be ineffective in dealing with public complaints about media coverage. A proposal, that an independent and publicly accountable body, a Media Commission, be established to investigate such complaints, report publicly on its findings, and order any redress where it has decided an infraction has occurred. Fourth, media corporations, particular those involved in other sectors of the economy, should be required to provide full details about their ownership holdings and a statement of the relationship to be maintained between the editorial department, including the editor and publisher in the case of newspapers, and the corporation. Fifth, broadcasters are currently required to set aside a small amount of time for public service organizations and community groups. A similar policy should be developed whereby daily newspapers would be required to set aside a modest amount of space for community groups and local non-profit organizations. Such a requirement would help ensure more diversity of voices and issues in the press. In Conclusion, most democratic societies recognize the need to ensure the printed word and visual image should not be overly monopolized. If diversity of opinion lies at the heart of democracy, then surely no one individual or company should be permitted to preside over what Canadians see, hear, and read. The reserved legislative proposals outlined earlier, if accepted, would represent an important step toward encouraging wider diversity, openness, and choice in our media. It would encourage this by limiting and reversing the concentration of media power into fewer and fewer hands. If immediate actions are not taken, the range of news and information the Canadian public receives will be further restricted, as the pool of those who own and control its content will continue to shrink. As a result from this, what we see and hear will be what one or two individuals decide is best for us.

Frankenstein, the Novel :: essays research papers fc

How does information about early cognitive development relate to violence the creatures commits?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Human cognition is the study of how people think and understand. As part of growing up, there are four stages called the cognitive developmental stages that an individual goes through. From the sensory motor stage to the formal operational stage, human beings learn to interpret their surroundings of everyday life experiences. However, in the case of the Creature in the novel, Frankenstein, he was never developed in a cognitive way, and therefore, the creature was passively torn by opposing forces of human beings in his surrounding environments. Overall, cognitive development and the relation between the Creature’s turn towards violence is a result of neglect, psychological indifferences, and lack of socialization skills.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are a variety of perspectives and emphases within cognitive psychology of human beings. Psychological indifferences of the Creature creates conflicts within himself and his surroundings. If an individual has a different view of life, the resulting factor may be psychologically challenging. This Creature was brought to life with grotesque looks and an abnormal brain. He did not know any concepts to the environment surrounding him, and therefore, was a child in an adult’s body. According to Jean Piaget, when the Creature was first brought to life, he is in the ‘sensory motor stage’ of human development. This is the level at which â€Å"individuals experience the world only through their senses† (Macionis 65). Since the Creature was never taught right from wrong, he thought that whatever he was doing was the right concept. It is obvious that we do not commit acts of murder; however, in the Creature’s world of his own, he though t an act of murder was entertainment and dramatizing when he first comes into contact with a little girl. For example, when the little girl comes and asks the Creature to play with her, he ends up throwing her into the lake, drowning her because she can not swim (Frankenstein). If this Creature was psychologically taught that he is larger than other humans and needs to be cautious with how he handles situations, such circumstances might be prevented. In a movie version titled, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, the Creature and his creator, Victor Frankenstein are in a cave and they are both arguing with each other about the events that has happened with the murdering of Victor’s relatives. The Creature responds to Victor’s statements with, â€Å"You gave me these emotions, but you did not tell me how to use them† (Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein).

Language of Robinson Crusoe Essay

Daniel Dafoe’s popular novel, originally titled The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, of York, Mariner: Who lived Eight and Twenty Years, all alone in an uninhabited Island on the Coast of America, near the Mouth of the Great River of Oroonoque; Having been cast on Shore by Shipwreck, wherein all the Men perished but himself. With an Account how he was at last as strangely deliver’d by Pyrates (iii), like most classics underwent many editions through the years. However nothing but the first edition, which is the basis of this essay, can give us the look and feel of the time as intended to be shown by the author. EARLY MODERN ENGLISH According to Volume 14 of The Cambridge History of English and American Literature in 18 Volumes, Early Modern English period marked the expansion of the use of the English language outside England. But since English was spread at various times it has been subjected to different influences and additional variations caused by attempts at etymological spelling (Ward et al ch 15 sec 3 par 1). These were evident in the novel in two aspects of language: grammar and vocabulary (Ward et al ch 15 sec 1 par 1-2). Among the inflectional changes during the early modern English was the dropping of the weak vowel in verbs ending in –ed (Ward et al. ch 15 sec 4 par. 7). Examples of these manifested not only in the title (the word deliver’d) but within the text itself such as call’d, fill’d, encreas’d, and fatigu’d. Spelling also appeared to be phonetically defective (Ward et al. ch 15 sec 3 par. 1) with words like perswasions, lyon, lye, and prophetick. Compounding of words were also used in the novel by examples of free-school, hand-maids, ground-tackle and fellow-slave. However, the change in the verbs as well as the defects in spelling was not applied to the entire novel which makes us consider the reasons for such use. TOWARDS A PURITY IN STYLE Daniel Defoe, in his book An Essay upon Projects, emphasized that it was the responsibility of the society to polish and refine the English tongue and to purge it from all the irregular additions that ignorance and affectation have introduced as befitted the noblest and most comprehensive of all the vulgar languages in the world (8). The spread of the English language was depicted in the novel when Robinson Crusoe teaches his servant Friday the English language. We may notice from an excerpt of their discourse below that although essentially Crusoe and Friday came to communicate effectively with each other, Friday’s English differs much from Crusoe’s parallel to their difference in status and origin: Friday, My Nation beat much, for all that. Master, How beat; if your Nation beat them, how come you to be taken? Friday, They more many than my Nation in the Place where me was; they take one, two, three, and me; my Nation over beat them in the yonder Place, where me no was; there my Nation take one, two, great Thousand. Master, But why did not your Side recover you from the Hands of your Enemies then? Friday, They run one, two, three, and me, and make go in the Canoe; my Nation have no Canoe that time. (Defoe, â€Å"Robinson Crusoe† 254) Much is the same circumstance that brought about the variations and additions to the English language in which Defoe is clamoring for purity (â€Å"An Essay upon Projects† 8). Shoar and Shore. Aside from the defective spelling mentioned earlier is the variation in the spelling (Ward et al. ch 15 sec 3 par. 1). An example if this is the word shore, spelled shore and shoar, in different context of the novel. It may be noted that shoar was only used in the part of Robinson Crusoe’s mishaps. That is to say, from the part of his captivity at Sallee until before his wreck on the island. These mishaps, Crusoe later reflected on, were results of his ignorance in the Providence of God and malcontent thus the use of the spelling shoar. While his solitary life in the island described the learning process he underwent to survive and finally live harmoniously with his surroundings; hence the renewed use of the spelling shore. In this regard, one may interpret that the use of the word was intentional to show the need and difficulty in creating a standard for the English language. viz. and (viz. ). The use of foreign language in novels is quite common throughout the ages. As such, we came to attention on the use of the Latin word viz. Oxford English Dictionary defines viz. as the abbreviation of videlicet which generally means namely or that is to say (1033). Although Defoe used viz. without parenthesis and viz. in parenthesis based on the same definition, its participation in the statement are quite different. The viz. without parenthesis was used in identifying and qualifying statements such as the â€Å"All the rest of that Day I spent in afflicting my self at the dismal Circumstances I was brought to, viz. I had neither Food, House, Clothes, Weapon, or Place to fly to†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (â€Å"Robinson Crusoe† 82). On the other hand, viz. in parenthesis, which appeared in lines like â€Å"This was what I wish’d for; so I took them up, and serv’d them as we serve notorious Thieves in England, (viz. ) Hang’d them in Chains for a Terror to others†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (â€Å"Robinson Crusoe† 138), was used as such in order to explain earlier statement. The use of parenthesis to differentiate the use of the same word in the novel further reflects Defoe’s quest for refinement of the English language as mentioned previously. CONCLUSION Indeed, regardless of the plot of the story which categorized it to fiction, the culture and language of the time is unmistakable. Robinson Crusoe, in its original version, allows us the indulgence to peek and appreciate not only the early modern English language but the period as well. The flexibility of the language then reflected the society of that time as it has always been for any period or era. At the same time, the novel provided additional venue for the author to disseminate his ideas and further his individual attempt towards the transition to the modern English language and insertions to the importance of learning across the spectrum of the society. Such power language has to influence its readers, whether consciously or unconsciously. And the duality that the novel showed made it a favorite among children and adults alike. Fulfilling its objectives to entertain and propagate (however subtle it may be). Works Cited Defoe, Daniel. An Essay Upon Projects. New York: Adamant Media Corporation, 2005. Print. —. The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, of York, Mariner: Who lived Eight and Twenty Years, all alone in an uninhabited Island on the Coast of America, near the Mouth of the Great River of Oroonoque; Having been cast on Shore by Shipwreck, wherein all the Men perished but himself. With an Account how he was at last as strangely deliver’d by Pyrates. London: printed for W. Taylor, 1719. Print. Oxford English Dictionary. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. Print. Ward, Aldolphus William, Sir, et al. The Cambridge History of English and American Literature. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1907-21; New York: Bartleby. com, 2000 (Web) April 1, 2009.

Essay on The Jungle Upton SinclairEssay Writing Service

Essay on The Jungle Upton SinclairEssay Writing Service Essay on The Jungle Upton Sinclair Essay on The Jungle Upton SinclairThe condition of the working class in the US at the beginning of the 20th century was extremely challenging since workers had to struggle for survival on the daily bases that can be clearly seen from The Jungle by Upton Sinclair. However, in the course of time, the situation did not change in principle because the US did not conduct systematic socioeconomic reforms that would eliminate conditions for the exploitation of a large group of people by a few for the benefit of the few, while the large part of the population remains at the risk of economic disaster. At this point, the recent economic recession is the best evidence of the lack of such reforms. This is why just like a hundred years ago, the US still faces the problem of the social injustice with the severe exploitation of employees, whose only source of income is scarce wages, while a few families concentrate in their hands the lion share of the national wealth and have a considerable and det erminant impact not only on the US economy but also politics.The Jungle by Upton Sinclair does not just show horrors of the life of American workers on the dawn of the 20th century but also and mainly the book uncovers intrinsic pitfalls of the capitalist system of the US, where workers and employees are doomed to struggle for survival, while the upper-class rips off a lion share of the national wealth. In such a way, the analysis of the condition of the working class in the US leads the author to the only conclusion that the US socio-economic and political system needs changes with the shift toward socialist state, where the government can take responsibility for citizens and the national wealth should be redistributed wisely and fairly.At the same time, The Jungle gives multiple implications to the contemporary labor relations which are still vulnerable to the same pitfalls which persist because of the nature of the US capitalist system and traditions of the US labor relations. Fi rst of all, Sinclair shows clearly the wide gap between the employer and the employee. The main character of the book is struggling for survival, while owners of plants rip off high profits and stay wealthy. In such a way, the author clearly shows the wide gap between the rich and poor in the US, which is actually the gap between owners of businesses and their employees. In actuality, this trend persists, although it is not so obvious as it used to be in the past. In fact, the gap between owners of business and employees was the distinct feature of capitalism and this gap could be easily traced since the beginning of the industrial revolution in the US (Zinn 143). More important, the beginning of the industrial revolution accelerated the widening gap between owners of businesses and large corporations, on the one hand, and workers on the other.Furthermore, the author of The Jungle raises the issue of the workplace safety and conditions of work of workers in the meatpacking industry in Chicago in the early 20th century and reveals that conditions of work were unbearable. Employees worked for twelve or fourteen hours. Employers recruited workers at the possibly lower price, even if workers were not trained to work in the meatpacking industry. For example, the child labor was a norm, although children were not always physically capable to afford working in meatpacking companies. As a result, they faced a higher risk of injuries in the workplace environment.In fact, Sinclair shows that the workplace safety was extremely low and employees were at the high risk of injury as was the case of Jurgis friends, family members and Jurgis himself. At the same time, the injury of workers often meant the loss of job that proves that the early 20th century workers were not protected in their rights. At this point, it is worth mentioning the fact that legal acts that legally protected employees, who suffered injuries or had disabilities, were introduced only in the late 20th ce ntury, for example the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (Faragher 210). Therefore, the negligence of employers and lack of concerns about their employees’ health was a norm in the US in the past and this attitude has persisted, to a significant extent today, since many employers are dissatisfied with the growing pressure on them in terms of the enhancement of the workplace safety environment. The lack of attention to the safety of employees from the part of employers was the evidence of their indifference in relation to employees, even if employees suffered severe injuries leading to disabilities or death. Researchers (Zinn 145) explain such indifference by the traditionally high level of individualism in the US society which originates from the colonization era and frontier time.In addition, the poor work place safety and indifference of employers to the life and health of their workers was also the evidence of the lack of the social security. For example, when Jurgis suffered the injury and could not work, he was just fired and he had not got any means for living. His employer did not even try to offer him some compensations. Therefore, his employer viewed him as a mere tool that he used for his personal enrichment. The owner of the company was interested in increase of his wealth and he did grow richer, while workers kept living in poverty struggling for survival and having no social security that means that they could not count on any support from the part of the company or government, if they suffered injuries, fell ill or retired.Furthermore, the book also uncovers such problems as sexual harassment, as was the case of Jurgis’ sister, who was sexually abused by her boss, although she was a minor. In fact, she had no other choice because the work was the only way for her to survive. The problem of the sexual harassment was a norm because the attempt of Jurgis to regain justice and revenge on his sister’s boss resulted in Jurgis ’ imprisonment.All these facts reveal the poor protection of employees’ rights or the lack of such rights. In fact, the early 20th century employment relations were characterized by the poor protection of employees’ rights and lack of such rights and the story described by Sinclair became the precursor of the Great Depression. However, this story revealed roots of problems that eventually led to the Great Depression. Sinclair shows that the US had systematic, intrinsic pitfalls that were deep-rooted in the American socioeconomic system based on principles of open market economy and capitalism. At this point, it is worth mentioning the fact that employees were in a disadvantaged position in all industries. For example, when Jurgis experienced the work of a farm worker, he found out that farm workers had no chance for stable and good life based on high income because farmers need them as long as they need their labor and this is the case of all industries. This tr end was very strong during the industrial revolution and the early 20th century in the US. More important, this trend persists today.The major problem of the capitalist system uncovered by Sinclair and that really existed in the early 20th century as well as it exists now is the problem of the social injustice caused by the focus of employers on their well-being regardless of needs of employees. In fact, the only purpose of employers described by Sinclair was to maximize their profits. This is why they employed children, did not care about workplace safety and health of their employees. Instead, they viewed their employees as mere commodities, which they used to grow richer.Moreover, the state supported employers and stood for their interests rather than for interests of employees. At this point, it is possible to return to the case of the rape of Jurgis’ sister by her boss. Jurgis was arrested immediately for his attempt to revenge on the rapist. The police reacted immediate ly, when the life and health of a rich person was at stake. On the other hand, the police did nothing to investigate the case of the rape and prosecute the rapist. This case is the evidence that the socioeconomic injustice and the privileged position of the rich, on the one hand, and the oppressed position of the poor, on the other, was maintained by the state through the criminal justice system, laws and policies conducted by the state. Such injustice could be traced throughout the history of the US, especially starting from the industrial revolution, when social inequalities became particularly obvious due to the fast enrichment of the few at cost of the pauperization of a large part of the US society.Thus, the book Jungle by Upton Sinclair reveals the social injustice that persisted in the US in the early 20th century. However, the book raises many issues, which are still relevant today, such as the workplace safety, employees’ rights, labor relations, government policies in relation to labor relations, sexual harassment, social security and injustice and many other important issues. Upton Sinclair shows the desperate position of the working class in the US and clearly indicates the shift to socialism as the only solution to the problem of social injustice. In this regard, his solution is debatable but the point is that problems raised by Sinclair in his book were and, to a certain extent, are relevant and affect many people. The economic disparity and the unfair redistribution of the national wealth is the major problem that causes other issues and widens gaps between the rich and the poor in the US.

Song Of Solomon Essays - Greek Mythology, Daedalus, Icarus

Song Of Solomon Essays - Greek Mythology, Daedalus, Icarus Song Of Solomon The Icarus Myth in Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon Throughout literature it has been common for authors to use allusions to complement recurrent motifs in their work. In Toni Morrison's Song Of Solomon, Milkman learns that his desire to fly has been passed down to him from his ancestor Solomon. As Milkman is figuring out the puzzle of his ancestry, he realizes that when Solomon tried to take his youngest son, Jake, flying with him, he dropped him and Jake never arrived with his father to their destination. Sound familiar? Well, it seems quite probable that Morrison drew from the Daedalus/Icarus Greek myth. Daedalus was a well-known architect and engineer in Athens. King Mines invited Daedalus to Crete to build him a labyrinth, and when it was completed, Mines jailed him within it. In order to escape, Daedalus built two sets of wings - one pair for himself, and the other for his son, Icarus- using wax and feathers, which they used to fly off from Crete. On their journey to Athens, Icarus decided to try to challenge the sun, even though his father had warned him that if he got too near to the sea his wings would dampen and fall apart, or if he got too close to the sun, the wax in his wings would melt, and he would lose the ability to fly. Ignoring Daedalus' warnings, Icarus flew too high and the sun melted the wax that held his wings together. Icarus fell into the Aegean Sea and died. Solomon, a slave, had been a leader when he worked in the cotton fields in the South. One day he decided to fly back to Africa with his youngest son, Jake, leaving behind his wife Ryna and their twenty other children. Black lady fell down on the ground Come booba yalle, come booma tambee Threw her body all around Come konka yalle, come konka tambee...(303). This verse of the popular children's song which Milkman heard in Shalimar, Virginia, was referring to Ryna's sobbing, an event which also led to the naming of Ryna's Gulch where it is rumored that Ryna's spirit moaned night and day alike for Solomon's return. When Solomon is flying, however, he drops Jake- also the name of Milkman's grandfather- and unlike Icarus in Greek mythology, Jake survives his fall. Milkman's desire to fly mirrors one of the foremost fantasies of any child or dreamer. The child's desire to fly is expressed when Milkman (as a young child) loses all interest in himself when he realizes that he cannot fly. Morrison proves that the childish desire to fly never dies when Robert Smith tries to fly from No Mercy Hospital in Michigan. Milkman quickly regains his confidence when he unlocks the mystery of his grandfather and recognizes that a he was able to fly: And he began to whoop and dive and splash and turn. 'He could fly! You hear me? My great-granddaddy could fly! Goddam!' He whipped the water with his fists, then jumped straight up as though he too could take off(328). In conclusion, one of the most important motifs in Song of Solomon is that of flying, or perhaps more importantly the craving and interminable interest in learning to fly. Morrison uses numerous methods to emphasize this aspect of her novel. In my opinion, the most interesting comparison is between Solomon to Daedalus, and Jake to Icarus. At the end of the novel, as Milkman soars from one plateau to the next, we realize that even if he can never fly away from his problems as Solomon and Daedalus could, his fantasy has already been fulfilled through the knowledge that he has learned to face his problems head on instead of simply mastering the art of escape- flying.

International Tourism Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

International Tourism Marketing - Essay Example The international businesses are important for many countries as it helps in giving a boost to their economies and these businesses create an attractive and competitive environment (Bennett and Blythe, 2002). The international businesses play an important role in the international trade and the increasing number of international businesses create globalized environment that need more effective analytical tools (Bowman, 2007). Hence, international businesses need to take various factors into account when designing strategies for international marketing. In recent times, the social networks have changed the ways the organizations are doing business activities. According to Molina et al. (2010), social media is the online community in which people from different backgrounds and objectives come together on one platform to share the interests and activities. Similarly, Mansfield et al. (2005) in their research indicated that the travel and tourism industry is growing by leaps and bounds a nd the industry is expected to produce exceptional results in the long-run. The tourism industry is the main revenue earner in countries such as UK, USA, Canada, Malaysia, UAE, Saudi Arabia and other European countries (Gretzel, 2008; Gursoy and McCleary, 2004; Srikaya and Woodside, 2005). Background of the study The tourism industry has been growing at an exceptional rate and it is expected that it will continue to expand more in the future. The most important aspect that the tourists consider when deciding about their travel destinations are the information gathering process. The tourists use variety of sources to gather sufficient information. As Gursoy and McCleary (2004) have stated that tourist information is the most valuable concept and the two vital aspects that are given utmost consideration are the image that the tourists have about the destination and the selection mechanism that the tourists to make their final destination choice. According to Chitango (2011), people ar e relying more on social media to make selection about their travel destinations and they are using these social networking mediums as a source of information gathering mechanism. It has been stated by Santos (2011) that the tourism industry will have to rely on the social media advertisements in the future so that they can attract the customers. The travellers are now shifting from traditional advertisement mediums such as advertisements, newspaper ads, billboards and others to YouTube, Facebook, Twitter and other online blogs to make their travel destinations choices (El-Goharay, 2010). The primary purpose of the paper is to help the travel and tourism industry develop an understanding about the changing marketing trends in terms of social media and what needs to be done to respond to the customer’s needs and demands. The paper will develop the strategies that the industry can implement to attract the tourists to their countries and make it their final destination choice. P roblem Statement The researchers wanted to understand impact of social media on the

Transport-Homeostasis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words - 1

Transport-Homeostasis - Assignment Example 1.2 The heart is a critical muscle within the body whose location is between the lungs and whose chief purpose is pumping of blood throughout the entire body. This role is executed with the assistance of Pulmonary Circulation and Systematic Circulation which are tasked with blood circulation. The heart consists of 4 chambers; 2 upper atria as well as 2 lower ventricles. Both the left and right sides of the heart operate together. Blood enters into the right side of the heart via 2 big veins; the superior and inferior vena cava, which empties deoxygenated blood from various parts of the body inside the right atrium. The pulmonary vein on the left side then pours oxygenated blood from the lungs and into the left atrium. The atrial contraction occurs when blood flows from the right atrium and into the right ventricle via the tricuspid valve that is usually open. The tricuspid valve normally shuts whenever the ventricles become full, a role that holds blood from backward flow into the at ria as the ventricles squeeze/contract. On the left side, blood flows from the left atrium and into the left ventricle via the open mitral valve. Whenever the ventricles fill, there is shutting of mitral valve which stops blood from backward flow and into the atria as the ventricles contract (squeeze).Ventricular contraction comprises of carbon dioxide and oxygen travelling to and from small numerous air sacs in the lungs via the capillaries walls and into the blood. On the right side, blood comes out of heart via the pulmonic valve and into the pulmonary artery and finally finds its way to the lungs. On the left side, blood comes out of the heart via the aortic valve, and into the aorta and finally to the body. Normally this pattern is normally repeated, resulting in the continuous flow of the blood to the heart, then lungs and onto the entire body (Storad, 2006). 1.3 The circulatory system comprises of the blood vessels, the